Chinese Guidelines That Apply To Bank’s Overseas Operations

China Development Bank (CDB)

  • The China Development Bank (CDB) was founded in 1994 and is considered the largest “policy bank” in China, despite the fact that in 2008 it began the transition to converting to a commercial bank. From 2002 and 2012, CDB international lending grew 36 times, reaching $248.2 thousand million. The CDB has offices around the world, including various in Latin America such as Venezuela, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Argentina.
  • The CBD is the major global financier of infrastructure and natural resource extraction projects, especially in the construction of dams. Its mandate is to provide finance to projects aligned with the strategic objectives of the Five Year Plans defined by the National Congress of the People’s Republic of China. Its finances go to large projects in the areas of: electric power, road construction, railways, petroleum and petrochemicals, development of coal mines, telecommunications, agriculture and related industries, and public infrastructure.
  • The CBD grants credit (among other forms of finance) via: loans backed by petroleum, both to governments or national firms; financing to Chinese state companies to facilitate their expansion; and investments in Chinese companies that are active overseas through private funds. It does not provide concessional credit. The CDB has also financed Chinese state firms to acquire shares in foreign firms, especially for the extraction of natural resources, and has had an important role in the development of the oil sector in Brazil and Venezuela.
  • The CDB has played a determinative role in initiating various inter-bank associations, for example the BRICS New Development Bank (NDB).
  • Environmental and Social Guidelines: The CDB produces an annual report on Corporate Social Responsibility and in 2004 enacted the “CDB Manual on Evaluation of Loans,” which includes environmental evaluation of lenders and projects. The Manual is not public. The CDB was the first Chinese state bank to sign on to the UN Global Compact and has participated in the initiatives of the UN Program for the Environment on sustainable finance. However, the CDB is known as a bank with little desire to work with civil society, and has been questioned for its failure to publish its environmental policies.
  • China Export-Import Bank

  • The China Export-Import Bank(CEIB) was founded in 1994 to finance the operations of Chinese firms overseas and to promote Chinese exports. It is partially under the management of the Ministry of Commerce and the Ministry of International Relations and Finance. It is based in Beijing and three branches in South Africa, Paris, and Saint Petersburg. The CEIB is considered to be a state policy bank.
  • The CEIB should develop an Annual Credit Export Plan that depends on the support of the State Council, according to the following priorities, among others: provide credit for the export and import of Chinese products, loans for overseas investment, concessional loans, international guarantees, and loans to foreign governments and international financial institutions. The CEIB is the principle Chinese financial entity in regards to the financing of dams.
  • Environmental and Social Guidelines: The China EximBank environmental and social evaluation policy was published in 2007 upon request by the Pacific Environment (a U.S.-based NGO). According to International Rivers, this policy is aligned with Chinese regulations such as the Law on Environmental Impact Assessments, the Law on Environmental Protection, and the Ordinance for Environmental Management in the Construction of Projects.
  • Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC)

  • The Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) was founded in 1984 and has been registered in the Shanghai y Hong Kong exchanges since 1985. The ICBC is a private bank and is valued publically, its principle shareholders are two state entities, Central Huijin Investment Ltd. (a state firm created to invest in the name of the Chinese state) with 35% of the shares, and the Chinese Ministry of Finance with 75% of the shares.
  • Since 2007 the ICBC is the largest private bank in the world, with operations in more than 40 countries. Its investments are diversified among many sectors in China as well as abroad, including the hydrocarbon, mining, and hydroelectric dam sectors.
  • Environmental and Social Guidelines: The ICBC has a Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) policy and has a specific department to serve the public. It publishes annual reports on CSR. The ICBC does not have its own environmental policies.
  • Last Updated

    October 4, 2019

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